Ideas from Le Capital : Critique de l'économie politique

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The industrial capitalist is the initial extractor of surplus value but not its sole beneficiary, as he must share it with other sectors of the capitalist class.
Political economists justify the depopulation of the countryside by arguing that it increases the surplus produce available for manufacturing and national wealth.
The 'Relay System' was a mechanism devised by capital and sanctioned by the state to circumvent child labor limits and maintain the unlimited exploitation of adult labor.
The claim that technological displacement causes only 'temporary inconvenience' is a fallacy, as the destructive effect of machinery is permanent and continuous.
Educational requirements for child laborers are illusory and ineffective as long as the children are physically exhausted by long working hours.
Although factory inspectors rightly praise the Ten Hours Acts, they themselves acknowledge that the shortening of the working day has already produced such a degree of labour intensification—through accelerated machinery and 'exhausting excitement'—that workers’ health and labour‑power are being damaged, particularly through increased lung disease.
To cure workers of 'idleness' and force them to labor, capital proposed the creation of 'Houses of Terror' (workhouses) where long hours would be enforced as a punishment.
A fully developed machine consists of three distinct parts—motor mechanism, transmitting mechanism, and working machine—and the industrial revolution began specifically with the transformation of the working machine (the tool) into a mechanical apparatus, which remains the starting point whenever handicraft or manufacture is converted into machine industry.
Because in money all qualitative differences between commodities are extinguished and anything whatsoever can be converted into it, money becomes the radical leveller and universal social power that modern society reveres as its 'Holy Grail', while earlier societies condemned it as destructive of economic and moral order.
Every social process of production is intrinsically a process of reproduction, as society must continuously replace the means of production it consumes to survive.