Time stands to duration as place stands to expansion: both are determinate, landmark‑based portions of the otherwise uniform and boundless 'oceans' of eternity and immensity, used to fix the positions of finite beings by reference to known points.

By John Locke, from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Key Arguments

  • He states that 'Time in general is to duration as place to expansion. They are so much of those boundless oceans of eternity and immensity as is set out and distinguished from the rest, as it were by landmarks.'
  • Time and place 'are made use of to denote the position of finite real beings, in respect one to another, in those uniform infinite oceans of duration and space.'
  • Rightly considered, they are 'only ideas of determinate distances from certain known points, fixed in distinguishable sensible things, and supposed to keep the same distance one from another.'
  • Without such 'known settled points', 'the order and position of things' would be 'lost' in the boundless uniformity of duration and space, so that 'all things would lie jumbled in an incurable confusion.'

Source Quotes

Time to duration is as place to expansion. Time in general is to duration as place to expansion. They are so much of those boundless oceans of eternity and immensity as is set out and distinguished from the rest, as it were by landmarks; and so are made use of to denote the position of finite real beings, in respect one to another, in those uniform infinite oceans of duration and space.
Time in general is to duration as place to expansion. They are so much of those boundless oceans of eternity and immensity as is set out and distinguished from the rest, as it were by landmarks; and so are made use of to denote the position of finite real beings, in respect one to another, in those uniform infinite oceans of duration and space. These, rightly considered, are only ideas of determinate distances from certain known points, fixed in distinguishable sensible things, and supposed to keep the same distance one from another.
They are so much of those boundless oceans of eternity and immensity as is set out and distinguished from the rest, as it were by landmarks; and so are made use of to denote the position of finite real beings, in respect one to another, in those uniform infinite oceans of duration and space. These, rightly considered, are only ideas of determinate distances from certain known points, fixed in distinguishable sensible things, and supposed to keep the same distance one from another. From such points fixed in sensible beings we reckon, and from them we measure our portions of those infinite quantities; which, so considered, are that which we call time and place.
From such points fixed in sensible beings we reckon, and from them we measure our portions of those infinite quantities; which, so considered, are that which we call time and place. For duration and space being in themselves uniform and boundless, the order and position of things, without such known settled points, would be lost in them; and all things would lie jumbled in an incurable confusion. 6.

Key Concepts

  • Time in general is to duration as place to expansion.
  • They are so much of those boundless oceans of eternity and immensity as is set out and distinguished from the rest, as it were by landmarks; and so are made use of to denote the position of finite real beings, in respect one to another, in those uniform infinite oceans of duration and space.
  • These, rightly considered, are only ideas of determinate distances from certain known points, fixed in distinguishable sensible things, and supposed to keep the same distance one from another.
  • For duration and space being in themselves uniform and boundless, the order and position of things, without such known settled points, would be lost in them; and all things would lie jumbled in an incurable confusion.

Context

Book II, chapter XV, section 5, where Locke articulates his structural analogy between time/place and duration/expansion.