Mathematics exhibits certainty and evidence, yet its powerful foundations had not been used to erect a loftier superstructure at the time of his studies.

By René Descartes, from Discours de la méthode

Key Arguments

  • He delights in mathematics for its certitude and evident reasoning
  • He initially thought mathematics advanced only mechanical arts and was astonished no higher edifice had been built upon its solid foundations

Source Quotes

Those in whom the faculty of reason is predominant, and who most skillfully dispose their thoughts with a view to render them clear and intelligible, are always the best able to persuade others of the truth of what they lay down, though they should speak only in the language of Lower Brittany, and be wholly ignorant of the rules of rhetoric; and those whose minds are stored with the most agreeable fancies, and who can give expression to them with the greatest embellishment and harmony, are still the best poets, though unacquainted with the art of poetry. I was especially delighted with the mathematics, on account of the certitude and evidence of their reasonings; but I had not as yet a precise knowledge of their true use; and thinking that they but contributed to the advancement of the mechanical arts, I was astonished that foundations, so strong and solid, should have had no loftier superstructure reared on them. On the other hand, I compared the disquisitions of the ancient moralists to very towering and magnificent palaces with no better foundation than sand and mud: they laud the virtues very highly, and exhibit them as estimable far above anything on earth; but they give us no adequate criterion of virtue, and frequently that which they designate with so fine a name is but apathy, or pride, or despair, or parricide.

Key Concepts

  • I was especially delighted with the mathematics, on account of the certitude and evidence of their reasonings
  • I was astonished that foundations, so strong and solid, should have had no loftier superstructure reared on them.

Context

Foreshadows using mathematical-style method for broader knowledge.